Abstract In researching the issue we noticed that nanotechnology is a wide area about different concepts and applications that have found different researchers, we read and we think some of the most important issues, focusing on nanotechnology applied to advances in the construction . INTRODUCTION The following essay is to analyze nanotechnology, examining its general application to the industry of construction, and environmental benefits it can bring nanotechnology. It also aims to study the impact of nanotechnologies in different parts of the world, highlighting issues such as nano science and nanotechnology, materials nano-structured architecture and nanotechnology, nanomaterials applied to the construction, nanotechnology in other countries in nanotechnology field of materials, acceptance for environmental nanotechnology relating to construction of the care of the environment , among others. 1 Roughly speaking, one could say that nanotechnology has the ability to develop or produce materials, devices or systems , by monitoring its field to scale gauge. Thus, their physical and chemical properties can be modulated systematically by varying the size, facilitating the design of new materials with a lower consumption of natural resources . The truth is that nanotechnology will radically change not only the use of materials, with the new generation of nano materials, without subjection to the laws of physical mechanics traditionally, but also how to design and build, in fact, no construction without nanotechnology. DEVELOPMENT OF CONTENTS We should note that the terms Nano Science and Nanotechnology refers either to the development of science and technology that has been occurring over the past two decades and has allowed the construction and manipulation of materials at nanometric scale. The prefix nano, the Greek nannos (very small), turned into Latin as nanus, meaning dwarf. This prefix is applied to indicate that is a billion times smaller than the reference unit, whether of length, mass, time , etc.. The following chart can analyze size relationships to better understand A. Nanostructured materials There are currently metals whose resistance is five times greater than their natural counterparts. There are materials that change Color depending on the spectrum of light is applied to its surface, and in some cases become completely transparent, have been built semiconductors 300 times more efficient than those used in electronic advances with so many conventional then we explain is the difference between the common materials and the aforementioned, well when comparing two pieces of material with a volume identical, for example, two solid cubes of copper of a cubic centimeter, the difference being that inside the piece of common material, the molecules are arranged in grains with typical populations of billions of atoms, whose granular size ranging from microns to millimeters in diameter. In the nano-structured piece of material, molecular grains have a maximum size of 100 nanometers in diameter with granular populations of less than tens of thousands of atoms. In other words, nano-structured grains are a thousand and one hundred times smaller than those of a common material, and also within the same volume have the 0.001 percent of atoms. This means a saving incredible material inside each piece of material nano-structured and, therefore, a lightness in weight can be a thousand times greater than normal. This physical distinction can also get priorities and new features, unique and amazing never before been seen in the common materials B. Nanotechnology in the Field of Materials Some of the amazing applications of nanotechnology in the field of materials is for example the development of a painting with self-cleaning properties and anti-graffiti. There are also thick and nanometer coatings protect steel from corrosion , or ceramic cups WC for having a completely smooth surface to gauge scale, which implies that stays nice and clean each time you press the pump cistern without subsequent cleanings C. Nanomaterials applied to the construction Nanotechnology can develop stronger materials than steel, with only 10% of its weight. Nanotechnology has already been applied in the construction sector in the manufacture of steel and concrete more resistant, with improvements in infrastructure and construction. Polymers have been developed members of protective barriers in the roads repair their own damage caused by the collision of vehicles. Similarly, repair cracks and holes in concrete and asphalt, without human intervention, that is why we will discuss further these points: Road construction 6 The application of nanotechnology in building roads and will also be identified and repaired automatically, without human intervention, gaps and holes in the asphalt or concrete, and making signals of traffic that are cleaned themselves . Nanotechnology is used to make steel and concrete stronger. Also for security vial. For example in parts of the United States have been placed nano sensors to monitor the condition of its bridges and detect any abnormalities or risks . Concrete additives nano The traditionally built concrete itself, but micro- structure complex owes its properties, in large part to the CSH gel matrix cement, which continues to be a nano-structured materials with modified properties for a network of pores and micro cracks, which size can vary from a few nanometers to millimeters. knowledge of nano-phase structure and allow the gel to open the range of products derived from cement with multifunctional properties. GAIA Another nano additives for concrete, in this case does not disclose controlled materials atom by atom during the process of manufacture, the new techniques have been used only during the development phase of the product . 7 The company Cognoscible Technologies has entered the market Spanish a new concrete additive named Gaia, which would replace the traditional micro silica, and offers the same price many advantages over it. The additive Gaia allows you to save up to 40% cement. 7 “A liter bottle of Gaia equals a whole barrel of micro silica, extra cement and knew plasticizers. What used to take a beam of 2 meters thick to properly hold the bridges, now only requires 75 cm. If before had to wait 28 days to reach high resistance of 80MPa, now just have to wait 1 day. prestressed beams that once required 3 days and be cured with water vapor to be ready, now only require 1 day and not need water. The challenge arose when the largest underground copper mine in the world, El Teniente, located in Chile, called for an improvement of micro silica used in concrete. It created an additive that worked not on the micro particles of silica, but on their nano particles, with the aim to exploit the material properties at the nanoscale offers. The new product, called Gaia, is the first replacement of silica fume additive that is sold in liquid, which disappears with the generation of silica dust, dangerous for the health of operators. This feature, among others, allows Gaia is capable of being used in processes that meet the environmental standards. In Architecture 8 Just looking at the future prospectively with some objectivity, and huge amounts of hope, we think of wonderful and unusual solutions constructive. In the immediate future, we could conceive five times higher buildings that will support five times higher loads, which were more slender structural sections, and that in an earthquake is not fractured. Would imagine buildings whose walls and floors will change color as the sunlight changed his tone. Then we would think that would be transparent partition walls in the day and opaque on the night. We would see two-story houses, easily towed by a small vehicle, to change location. Find in any supermarket large structural components, to price cheap, light enough for a child of four years could carry. D. The nano technology in other countries Around the world all countries are stepping up research of nanotechnology using it in different types of applications such as company Skanska plans to build concrete walls that break down the gases expelled by the exhaust from vehicles in road tunnels, in addition sidewalks that clean the air in cities. The graph below shows the spending, in millions of euros for 2003. Figure 2. 9 public expenditure of European Union in nanotechnology As you can see the most developed countries are the most invested, but taking into account as a special case in Spain and almost no public funding of nanotechnology. We also have the graph of investment finance in all countries around the world. igure 3 spending worldwide. In which we see the same special case of Spain in the bottom, watching this it follows that Spain will suffer if it fails to act timely on investment , the endemic problem that began in the First Industrial Revolution and culminated in his utter and total dependence on technology. This is the opportunity, therefore, not to be missed Spain to board the train and called Second Revolution Industrial. E. Acceptance to the environment linking nanotechnology construction with the same care We must ask what benefits the environment and manufacturing production of nano materials applied to the construction, and whether they will have less environmental impact than current building materials. The truth is that, without diminishing the risks that may involve nanotechnology, initially there are multiple advantages of a proper use of such technology: • First, allow a reduction in the use of resources natural, since the amount of material used in these processes of production (which save raw materials and energy resources) will be minimal • Second, a consequence of this, will reduce the generation of waste As disadvantages, it is necessary to mention that there are insufficient data to judge the toxicity of nano materials and most likely not all will be biologically inert. At this potential environmental impact , we must add the social impact of nanotechnology resulting in people who know almost their existence and its possibilities. III. CONCLUSIONS At the end of this paper certainly takes the reality that produces breakthrough nano technology and can offer multiple and varied opportunities for development, and that is influencing other widely in research to improvements in all the senses exist. A very interesting point you make, apart from obviously nanotechnology is excellent progress, is the fact that not all countries can adopt either socially or economically this development and this will result in a very sad but true case of division technology around the world in which many of the countries like Spain where development will suffer. 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